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Soil-Water-Plant Relationship(7)Irrigation Water Conveyance and Application Methods(8)Agricultural Drainage(4)Groundwater Hydrology(6)Wells and Pumps(5)

Soil-Water-Plant Relationship

7 Questions

GATE→2026→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Soil-Water-Plant Relationship

Q1

NAT[1 Mark]

A tubewell operating 10 hours per day discharges water at a rate of 25 m3.h−1. The average irrigation depth is 80 mm, and irrigation interval is 20 days. If intensity of irrigation is 80%, the culturable command area (in hectares) is ________. (Rounded off to two decimal places)

Explanation

GATE→2026→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Soil-Water-Plant Relationship

Q2

NAT[1 Mark]

A tile drainage system having a drainage coefficient of 25 mm drains an area of 0.2 km2. The average discharge from the system (in m3.s−1) is ________. (Rounded off to three decimal places)

Explanation

GATE→2026→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Soil-Water-Plant Relationship

Q3

NAT[2 Marks]

The crop period is divided into four stages, initial, grand growth, mid-season, and late-season, with each stage spanning 25 days. The crop coefficient varies linearly from 0.4 at initial stage to 1.2 at mid-season stage. The reference crop evapotranspiration on 40th day is 8 mm. The corresponding actual crop evapotranspiration (in mm) is ________ (Rounded off to two decimal places)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Soil-Water-Plant Relationship

Q4

MSQ[2 Marks]

Lysimeter is an instrument used to measure the following process(es):

(A)

Evaporation

(B)

Infiltration

(C)

Deep percolation

(D)

Evapotranspiration

Explanation

GATE→2024→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Soil-Water-Plant Relationship

Q5

MSQ[1 Mark]

In-situ volumetric soil moisture content measuring method(s) is/are:

(A)

Neutron probe

(B)

Tensiometer

(C)

Time domain reflectometry

(D)

Piezometer

Explanation

GATE→2023→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Soil-Water-Plant Relationship

Q6

MCQ[1 Mark]

Match the Columns: Column I: a. Consumptive use, b. Bernoulli's equation, c. Soil moisture, d. Hydrostatic pressure, e. Volumetric flow rate Column II: 1. Tensiometer, 2. Piezometer, 3. Lysimeter, 4. Elbow meter, 5. Pitot tube

(A)

1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-e, 5-d

(B)

1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-e, 5-b

(C)

1-d, 2-c, 3-e, 4-a, 5-b

(D)

1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b, 5-e

Explanation

GATE→2023→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Soil-Water-Plant Relationship

Q7

MCQ[2 Marks]

It is planned to provide irrigation in a crop field having field capacity and permanent wilting point of the soil as $0.21\text{ cm}^{3}\text{cm}^{-3}$ and $0.09\text{ cm}^{3}\text{cm}^{-3}$, respectively. The crop root zone depth is 0.90 m. The growing period of this crop is $1^{\text{st}}$ January to 31st March, during which the observed reference evapotranspiration ($ET_{r}$), effective rainfall ($P_{e}$) and crop coefficients ($K_{c}$) are listed below. Considering management allowable deficit (MAD) for this crop as 50%, the average irrigation interval during the growing period in days is [Table provided for Jan, Feb, Mar]

(A)

4

(B)

6

(C)

8

(D)

11

Explanation

Irrigation Water Conveyance and Application Methods

8 Questions

GATE→2026→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Irrigation Water Conveyance and Application Methods

Q8

NAT[2 Marks]

Uniformity of irrigation is checked in a border strip by measuring water penetration depth at 16 equally spaced stations along a border strip. The depths of penetration of water recorded in mm are as follows: 0.65, 0.83, 0.79, 0.87, 0.67, 0.85, 0.86, 0.68, 0.88, 0.77, 0.73, 0.59, 0.89, 0.63, 0.72, 0.70 The distribution uniformity low-quarter (DULQ) (in fraction) is ________ (Rounded off to two decimal places)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Irrigation Water Conveyance and Application Methods

Q9

MSQ[1 Mark]

Identify correct statement(s) for sprinkler irrigation:

(A)

Excessive topsoil erosion is involved.

(B)

Fertilizer can be applied with water.

(C)

No excess cost of land preparation is involved.

(D)

Evapotranspiration loss is minimum.

Explanation

GATE→2024→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Irrigation Water Conveyance and Application Methods

Q10

MCQ[1 Mark]

The difference between advance curve and recession curve for a given surface irrigation event is known as

(A)

time of concentration

(B)

lag time

(C)

time to peak

(D)

intake opportunity time

Explanation

GATE→2024→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Irrigation Water Conveyance and Application Methods

Q11

MCQ[2 Marks]

The performance of a border irrigation event was evaluated by taking soil moisture measurements at 12 locations along the border from the upstream end. The computed irrigation depths at those locations were 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, 42, 41, 40, and 39 mm. The Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient (CU) for the event, in %, is (Rounded off to 2 decimal places)

(A)

93.26

(B)

B

(C)

C

(D)

D

Explanation

GATE→2023→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Irrigation Water Conveyance and Application Methods

Q12

MCQ[1 Mark]

A sprinkler irrigation system has been designed for a crop with the water application rate of $1.17\text{ cm }\text{h}^{-1}$ and sprinkler discharge of $1.3\text{ L }\text{s}^{-1}$. The coefficient of discharge and uniformity coefficient are 0.9 and 0.8, respectively. If the sprinkler spacing along the lateral is 20 m, the lateral spacing in m is

(A)

14.4

(B)

16.0

(C)

18.0

(D)

20.0

Explanation

GATE→2023→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Irrigation Water Conveyance and Application Methods

Q13

MCQ[1 Mark]

The average discharge, operating pressure and emitter constant of a drip emitter are $4\text{ L }\text{h}^{-1}$, 110 kPa and 0.3, respectively. The type of emitter is

(A)

orifice

(B)

long path

(C)

pressure compensating

(D)

disc

Explanation

GATE→2022→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Irrigation Water Conveyance and Application Methods

Q14

NAT[1 Mark]

A stream of 200 L $\text{s}^{-1}$ is diverted from a canal to irrigate a wheat field in 8 hours. If the runoff from the field is 500 $\text{m}^{3}$ and the conveyance efficiency is 75%, the application efficiency in per cent is [round off to two decimal places]

Explanation

GATE→2022→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Irrigation Water Conveyance and Application Methods

Q15

NAT[2 Marks]

A sprinkler irrigation system with an irrigation efficiency of 70% is used to irrigate 16 ha of maize crop. The crop evapotranspiration of 6 mm $\text{day}^{-1}$ is used for estimating the irrigation depth. If the irrigation system is operated 20 hours per day for 10 days, the system capacity in L $\text{s}^{-1}$ is [round off to two decimal places]

Explanation

Agricultural Drainage

4 Questions

GATE→2025→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Agricultural Drainage

Q16

MSQ[1 Mark]

Identify the adverse effect(s) due to soil salinity or alkalinity or both:

(A)

Low yields of crops

(B)

Increased infiltration leading to waterlogging

(C)

Poor quality of fodder

(D)

Limited type of crops can be grown

Explanation

GATE→2024→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Agricultural Drainage

Q17

NAT[1 Mark]

The excess water from a watershed of area $16.95\text{ km}^{2}$ is drained out through a channel at an average rate of $2.8\text{ m}^{3}\cdot\text{s}^{-1}$. Drainage coefficient of the watershed, in cm, is ___ (Rounded off to 2 decimal places)

Explanation

GATE→2023→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Agricultural Drainage

Q18

NAT[2 Marks]

A salt affected crop field is to be leached with irrigation water having salt concentration of 3.5 meq $\text{L}^{-1}$. Salt concentration in the saturation extract of soil is 15.2 meq $\text{L}^{-1}$. Leaching efficiency of the field is 55%. In the month of March, the observed reference evapotranspiration and effective rainfall in this area are 150 mm and 75 mm, respectively. If the average crop coefficient in this month is 1.05, the leaching requirement for the entire month in mm is ___ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).

Explanation

GATE→2022→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Agricultural Drainage

Q19

NAT[2 Marks]

In a subsurface drainage network, 12 lateral drains each of 100 m long are laid at a spacing of 50 m. These lateral drains are connected to a collector drain. When the water table dropped 50 cm below the soil surface in 4 days, the average discharge at the outlet of the collector drain was found to be 12 L $\text{s}^{-1}.$ The average drainable porosity of soil in per cent is [round off to two decimal places]

Explanation

Groundwater Hydrology

6 Questions

GATE→2026→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Groundwater Hydrology

Q20

NAT[2 Marks]

A well fully penetrates a 30 m thick confined aquifer. After a long period of pumping at a constant rate of 0.06 m3.s−1, drawdowns of 3.6 m and 2.0 m are found at distances 60 m and 120 m away from the well, respectively. The hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer is n ×10−4 m.s−1 . The value of n is ________ (Rounded off to two decimal places)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Groundwater Hydrology

Q21

NAT[1 Mark]

An unconfined aquifer having a hydraulic conductivity of $12\text{ m}\cdot\text{day}^{-1}$ covers an area of 1.0 ha. When this aquifer is pumped, it releases $6000\text{ m}^{3}$ of water and the water table drops from 3 m to 7 m below the ground level. The specific yield of the aquifer is ___ %. (Answer in integer)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Groundwater Hydrology

Q22

MCQ[2 Marks]

Steady flow condition in a confined aquifer occurs when:

(A)

the rate of recharge is more than the rate of groundwater discharge.

(B)

the rate of recharge is equal to the rate of groundwater discharge.

(C)

the rate of recharge is less than the rate of groundwater discharge.

(D)

the pumping rate is more than the safe yield of the aquifer.

Explanation

GATE→2024→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Groundwater Hydrology

Q23

NAT[2 Marks]

In an area, one tubewell of 15 cm diameter was operating such that groundwater table is 40 m above the bottom of screen. The groundwater formation has permeability (K) as $20\text{ m}\cdot\text{d}^{-1}$ and well has radius of influence of 980 m with a maximum drawdown of 12 m. After some time, a second tubewell of same size was installed at a distance of 500 m from the first tubewell. If both the tubewells are running simultaneously and have equal discharge, the loss of discharge in the first tubewell due to installation of the second tubewell, in %, is ___ (Rounded off to 2 decimal places)

Explanation

GATE→2023→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Groundwater Hydrology

Q24

NAT[2 Marks]

A 0.30 m diameter well penetrates an unconfined aquifer with a saturated depth of 40 m. After 8 hours of pumping at a steady rate of $0.03\text{ m}^{3}\text{s}^{-1}$, the drawdown in two observation wells located at 20 m and 50 m away from the pumping well are found to be 3 m and 2 m, respectively. The drawdown in the pumping well in m is ___ (rounded off to 1 decimal place, Consider $\pi=3.14$).

Explanation

GATE→2022→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Groundwater Hydrology

Q25

NAT[1 Mark]

Water from a confined aquifer having transmissivity of $1000\text{ m}^{2}\text{day}^{-1}$ is pumped through a fully penetrating well of 300 mm diameter at a rate of $1200\text{ m}^{3}\text{day}^{-1}.$ If the radius of influence is 400 m, the drawdown in the well under steady-state flow condition in meter is [round off to two decimal places] (Take $\pi=3.14$)

Explanation

Wells and Pumps

5 Questions

GATE→2026→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Wells and Pumps

Q26

NAT[1 Mark]

Impeller speed of a centrifugal pump is increased by 30%. The power requirement of the pump increases by n times. The value of n is ________. (Rounded off to two decimal places)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Wells and Pumps

Q27

NAT[2 Marks]

A six-stage centrifugal pump delivers water at the rate of $150\text{ L}\cdot\text{s}^{-1}$ against a net pressure rise of $5003\text{ kN}\cdot\text{m}^{-2}$. The pump impeller rotates at 1450 rpm. If the acceleration due to gravity is $9.81\text{ m}\cdot\text{s}^{-2}$ the specific speed of the pump is ___ (Answer in integer)

Explanation

GATE→2024→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Wells and Pumps

Q28

NAT[2 Marks]

A single acting reciprocating pump, running at 40 rpm, has piston of 20 cm diameter and stroke length of 40 cm. The suction and delivery heads are 5 m and 20 m, respectively. Assuming overall pump efficiency as 80%, the power requirement of the pump, in kW, is ___ (Rounded off to 2 decimal places)

Explanation

GATE→2023→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Wells and Pumps

Q29

NAT[2 Marks]

Discharge from a centrifugal pump operating at 1000 rpm with a total head of 30 m is $300\text{ L }\text{min}^{-1}$. The pump efficiency is 65%. If speed of the pump is increased to 1200 rpm, the power required to operate pump in kW is ___ (rounded off to 2 decimal places). Consider acceleration due to gravity $=9.81\text{ m }\text{s}^{-2}$.

Explanation

GATE→2022→Irrigation and Drainage Engineering→Wells and Pumps

Q30

MCQ[1 Mark]

In construction of gravel packed wells, the pack-aquifer ratio is generally defined as

(A)

50% of the size of gravel pack / 50% of the size of aquifer

(B)

60% of the size of gravel pack / 10% of the size of aquifer

(C)

50% of the size of aquifer / 50% of the size of gravel pack

(D)

60% of the size of aquifer / 10% of the size of gravel pack

Explanation