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Recombinant DNA Technology(4)Molecular Tools(7)Analytical Tools(11)Computational Tools(8)

Recombinant DNA Technology

4 Questions

GATE→2024→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Recombinant DNA Technology

Q1

MCQ[1 Mark]

Which one of the following bacteriophages has a genome composed of single stranded circular DNA?

(A)

\Phi X174

(B)

\lambda

(C)

T4

(D)

M13 (Wait, M13 is ssDNA, phiX174 is ssDNA. Let's check options: A is phiX174)

Explanation

GATE→2023→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Recombinant DNA Technology

Q2

MSQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following vector(s) is (are) used to clone a DNA fragment of size 220 kb?

(A)

Bacterial artificial chromosome

(B)

Yeast artificial chromosome

(C)

Cosmids

(D)

pUC19 plasmid

Explanation

GATE→2022→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Recombinant DNA Technology

Q3

MCQ[1 Mark]

The recognition sequences of four Type-II restriction enzymes (RE) are given below. The symbol (^) indicates the cleavage site. Identify the RE that generates sticky ends.

(A)

$5' \text{GGATCC } 3'$ (BamHI type)

(B)

$5' \text{CTGCAG } 3'$

(C)

$5' \text{CC}^{\wedge}\text{GGG } 3'$

(D)

$5' \text{AG}^{\wedge}\text{CT } 3'$

Explanation

GATE→2022→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Recombinant DNA Technology

Q4

NAT[2 Marks]

A circular plasmid has three different but unique restriction sites for enzymes 'a', 'b' and 'c.' When enzymes 'a' and 'b' are used together, two fragments of equal size are generated. Enzyme 'c' creates fragments of equal size only from one of the fragments generated by those cleaved by 'a' and 'b'. The plasmid is treated with a mixture of 'a', 'b' and 'c' and analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The number of bands observed in the gel is

Explanation

Molecular Tools

7 Questions

GATE→2026→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Molecular Tools

Q5

MCQ[1 Mark]

Which component of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system is NOT of natural origin?

(A)

CAS9 protein

(B)

CRISPR repeats

(C)

PAM sequence

(D)

sgRNA

Explanation

GATE→2024→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Molecular Tools

Q6

MCQ[1 Mark]

Which one of the following is the basic principle of Sanger's DNA sequencing method?

(A)

Chain termination by incorporation of dideoxynucleotides

(B)

Chain elongation by incorporation of dideoxynucleotides

(C)

Release of inorganic pyrophosphate

(D)

Chain cleavage by modification of dideoxynucleotides

Explanation

GATE→2024→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Molecular Tools

Q7

MCQ[2 Marks]

Match the chemical (Column I) with its use (Column II). **Column I** P. Diethylpyrocarbonate Q. Cesium chloride R. Ethidium bromide S. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid **Column II** 1. Chelation of magnesium ion during DNA purification 2. Prevention of RNA degradation in aqueous environment 3. Separation of DNA by density gradient centrifugation 4. Staining of RNA in agarose gel

(A)

P-4; Q-1; R-3; S-2

(B)

P-4; Q-3; R-2; S-1

(C)

P-2; Q-1; R-4; S-3

(D)

P-2; Q-3; R-4; S-1

Explanation

GATE→2024→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Molecular Tools

Q8

MSQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following features help(s) in distinguishing alleles using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)?

(A)

Differences in the number of recognition sites for a given restriction enzyme

(B)

Differences in the ability of alleles to undergo recombination

(C)

Differences in the ability of alleles to undergo segregation

(D)

Differences in the number of tandem repeats

Explanation

GATE→2023→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Molecular Tools

Q9

MCQ[1 Mark]

Which of the following methods are used for detection of DNA and RNA, respectively?

(A)

Southern and Northern blotting

(B)

Southern and Western blotting

(C)

Northern and Southern blotting

(D)

Northern and Western blotting

Explanation

GATE→2023→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Molecular Tools

Q10

NAT[2 Marks]

A dNTP master-mix is prepared by combining $40~\mu\text{L}$ of each 20mM dNTP stock (dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dTTP). 4 $\mu\text{L}$ of this dNTP master-mix is added to a PCR mix and the final volume is adjusted to $50~\mu\text{L}$. The concentration (in $\mu\text{M}$) of total dNTPs in the PCR mix is

Explanation

GATE→2022→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Molecular Tools

Q11

MCQ[1 Mark]

Among individuals in a human population, minor variations exist in nucleotide sequences of chromosomes. These variations can lead to gain or loss of sites for specific restriction enzymes. Which of the following technique is used to identify such variations?

(A)

Polymerase dependent fragment insertion

(B)

Real-time polymerase chain reaction

(C)

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

(D)

Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

Explanation

Analytical Tools

11 Questions

GATE→2026→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Analytical Tools

Q12

MCQ[1 Mark]

Cancer cells display a high level of heterogeneity in the expression of TP53 protein. Which of the following techniques can be directly used to determine the intra-tumoral heterogeneity of TP53 expression in a given tumor sample, without resorting to additional cell separation techniques?

(A)

Immunoblotting

(B)

Flow cytometry

(C)

ELISA

(D)

Quantitative RT-PCR

Explanation

GATE→2026→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Analytical Tools

Q13

MCQ[1 Mark]

Which one of the following proteins would elute third in gel filtration chromatography from a mixture of four proteins given below?

(A)

Insulin (6 kDa)

(B)

Myoglobin (17 kDa)

(C)

Thrombin (37 kDa)

(D)

Albumin (66 kDa)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Analytical Tools

Q14

MSQ[1 Mark]

Which of the following show(s) optical activity at 100 mM concentration in water?

(A)

Solution of NaCl

(B)

Solution of D-Glucose

(C)

Solution of Glycine

(D)

Solution of L-Proline

Explanation

GATE→2025→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Analytical Tools

Q15

MSQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following methods is/are used for identifying histone modifications?

(A)

ChIP-seq

(B)

Mass spectrometry

(C)

Immunofluorescence

(D)

Patch-clamp electrophysiology

Explanation

GATE→2025→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Analytical Tools

Q16

NAT[2 Marks]

The percentage of light that would pass through a sample with an absorbance of 2 would be $\%$. (Round off to the nearest integer)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Analytical Tools

Q17

NAT[2 Marks]

An NMR spectrometer operating at proton resonance frequency (v) of 1 GHz will have a magnetic field strength of Tesla (T). The gyromagnetic ratio for proton, $\gamma=2.675\times 10^{8}~\text{T}^{-1}\text{s}^{-1}$ (Round off to one decimal place)

Explanation

GATE→2024→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Analytical Tools

Q18

MCQ[2 Marks]

Match the item in Column I with the corresponding technique in Column II. **Column I** P. Blue laser Q. Tungsten filament R. $^{15}\text{N}$ labelled protein S. Polyacrylamide **Column II** 1. Electron microscopy 2. Fluorescence activated cell sorting 3. Electrophoresis 4. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

(A)

P-2; Q-3; R-1; S-4

(B)

P-2; Q-1; R-4; S-3

(C)

P-3; Q-1; R-4; S-2

(D)

P-1; Q-2; R-4; S-3

Explanation

GATE→2023→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Analytical Tools

Q19

MCQ[1 Mark]

In ELISA, which of the following enzymes are conjugated to antibodies for detection of the analyte? P. Alkaline phosphatase Q. Trypsinase R. Horseradish peroxidase S. Amylase

(A)

P and R

(B)

P and Q

(C)

Q and S

(D)

R and S

Explanation

GATE→2023→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Analytical Tools

Q20

MCQ[1 Mark]

Which one of the following methods CANNOT be used to determine the secondary structure content of a protein?

(A)

Circular dichroism spectroscopy

(B)

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

(C)

Mass spectrometry

(D)

X-ray crystallography

Explanation

GATE→2023→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Analytical Tools

Q21

NAT[2 Marks]

A protein has three identical sites arranged at the vertices of an equilateral triangle. If one site is filled with a dye (donor), the measured quantum yield $(\phi_{D})$ is 0.5. Filling one site with a donor dye and a second site with an acceptor dye results in $\phi_{D}$ of 0.25. The measured $\phi_{D}$ of one site filled with donor and the other two sites filled with acceptor dye (rounded off to three decimal places) is

Explanation

GATE→2022→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Analytical Tools

Q22

MCQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following spectroscopic technique(s) can be used to identify all the functional groups of an antibiotic contaminant in food? P. Infrared Q. Circular dichroism R. Nuclear magnetic resonance S. UV-Visible

(A)

P only

(B)

P and R only

(C)

P, Q and R only

(D)

P, Q, R and S

Explanation

Computational Tools

8 Questions

GATE→2026→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Computational Tools

Q23

MSQ[1 Mark]

BLAST and its extensions can be used to determine similarity of a query protein sequence with which of the following database(s)?

(A)

A database of translated nucleotide sequences

(B)

A database of binding ligands and small translated peptides

(C)

A database of protein structures

(D)

A database of binding, linking and self-assembling proteins

Explanation

GATE→2025→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Computational Tools

Q24

MCQ[2 Marks]

Correctly match the Bioinformatic tool/Database with its respective Utility. **Bioinformatic tool/Database** P. BLAST Q. Bowtie R. AlphaFold S. PDB **Utility** 1. Database for 3D protein structures 2. Tool to identify similarity of a query sequence to existing sequences available in databanks 3. Tool to align short read DNA sequences obtained from Next-generation sequencing to a reference genome 4. AI tool to predict protein structures

(A)

P-2; Q-3; R-1; S-4

(B)

P-2; Q-3; R-4; S-1

(C)

P-3; Q-2; R-4; S-1

(D)

P-4; Q-1; R-2; S-3

Explanation

GATE→2024→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Computational Tools

Q25

MCQ[1 Mark]

Codon optimization for heterologous expression in E. coli can code for a

(A)

protein with original function

(B)

protein with altered function

(C)

RNA with coding sequence

(D)

RNA with regulatory function

Explanation

GATE→2023→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Computational Tools

Q26

MCQ[1 Mark]

Which one of the following programs is used for finding distantly related (or remote) protein homologs?

(A)

BLASTN

(B)

BLASTX

(C)

PSI-BLAST

(D)

TBLASTX

Explanation

GATE→2023→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Computational Tools

Q27

MCQ[1 Mark]

Which one of the following is used for global alignment of two protein sequences?

(A)

Chou-Fasman method

(B)

Garnier-Osguthorpe-Robson (GOR) method

(C)

Needleman-Wunsch algorithm

(D)

Smith-Waterman algorithm

Explanation

GATE→2023→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Computational Tools

Q28

NAT[2 Marks]

If there are three unrooted trees for four protein sequences, the number of rooted trees for the same number of sequences is

Explanation

GATE→2022→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Computational Tools

Q29

MCQ[1 Mark]

Which of the following is NOT used for generating an optimal alignment of two nucleotide sequences?

(A)

Gap penalties

(B)

Match scores

(C)

Mismatch scores

(D)

Nucleotide composition

Explanation

GATE→2022→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Computational Tools

Q30

MCQ[2 Marks]

The maximum parsimony method is used to construct a phylogenetic tree for a set of sequences. Which one of the following statements about the method is CORRECT?

(A)

It predicts the tree that minimizes the steps required to generate the observed variations

(B)

It predicts the tree that maximizes the steps required to generate the observed variations

(C)

It predicts the tree with the least number of branch points

(D)

It employs probability calculations to identify the tree

Explanation