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General Aptitude(10)Engineering Mathematics(9)General Biology(10)Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology(8)Fundamentals of Biological Engineering(19)Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology(3)Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology(6)

General Aptitude

10 Questions

GATE→2022→General Aptitude→Verbal Ability

Q1

MCQ[1 Mark]

You should ____ when to say ____.

(A)

no / no

(B)

no / know

(C)

know / know

(D)

know / no

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Aptitude→Quantitative Aptitude

Q2

MCQ[1 Mark]

Two straight lines pass through the origin $(x_{0},y_{0})=(0,0)$. One of them passes through the point $(x_{1},y_{1})=(1,3)$ and the other passes through the point $(x_{2},y_{2})=(1,2)$. What is the area enclosed between the straight lines in the interval [0, 1] on the x-axis?

(A)

0.5

(B)

1.0

(C)

1.5

(D)

2.0

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Aptitude→Quantitative Aptitude

Q3

MCQ[1 Mark]

If $p:q=1:2$, $q:r=4:3$, $r:s=4:5$ and u is 50% more than s, what is the ratio p:u?

(A)

2:15

(B)

16:15

(C)

1:5

(D)

16:45

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Aptitude→Verbal Ability

Q4

MCQ[1 Mark]

Given the statements: - P is the sister of Q. - Q is the husband of R. - R is the mother of S. - T is the husband of P. Based on the above information, T is ____ of S.

(A)

the grandfather

(B)

an uncle

(C)

the father

(D)

a brother

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Aptitude→Quantitative Aptitude

Q5

MCQ[1 Mark]

In the following diagram, the point R is the center of the circle. The lines PQ and ZV are tangential to the circle. The relation among the areas of the squares, PXWR, RUVZ and SPQT is

(A)

Area of SPQT = Area of RUVZ = Area of PXWR

(B)

Area of SPQT = Area of PXWR - Area of RUVZ

(C)

Area of PXWR = Area of SPQT - Area of RUVZ

(D)

Area of PXWR = Area of RUVZ - Area of SPQT

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Aptitude→Verbal Ability

Q6

MCQ[2 Marks]

Healthy eating is a critical component of healthy aging. When should one start eating healthy? It turns out that it is never too early. For example, babies who start eating healthy in the first year are more likely to have better overall health as they get older. Which one of the following is the CORRECT logical inference based on the information in the above passage?

(A)

Healthy eating is important for those with good health conditions, but not for others

(B)

Eating healthy can be started at any age, earlier the better

(C)

Eating healthy and better overall health are more correlated at a young age, but not older age

(D)

Healthy eating is more important for adults than kids

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Aptitude→Quantitative Aptitude

Q7

MCQ[2 Marks]

P invested 5000 per month for 6 months of a year and Q invested x per month for 8 months of the year in a partnership business. The profit is shared in proportion to the total investment made in that year. If at the end of that investment year, Q receives $\frac{4}{9}$ of the total profit, what is the value of x (in ₹)?

(A)

2500

(B)

3000

(C)

4687

(D)

8437

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Aptitude→Quantitative Aptitude

Q8

MCQ[2 Marks]

The frequency chart shows the frequency distribution of marks obtained by a set of students in an exam. From the data presented above, which one of the following is CORRECT?

(A)

mean > mode > median

(B)

mode > median > mean

(C)

mode > mean > median

(D)

median > mode > mean

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Aptitude→Quantitative Aptitude

Q9

MCQ[2 Marks]

In the square grid shown on the left, a person standing at P2 position is required to move to P5 position. The only movement allowed for a step involves, "two moves along one direction followed by one move in a perpendicular direction"... Without occupying any of the shaded squares at the end of each step, the minimum number of steps required to go from P2 to P5 is

(A)

4

(B)

5

(C)

6

(D)

7

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Aptitude→Quantitative Aptitude

Q10

MCQ[2 Marks]

Consider a cube made by folding a single sheet of paper of appropriate shape. The interior faces of the cube are all blank. However, the exterior faces that are not visible in the above view may not be blank. Which one of the following represents a possible unfolding of the cube?

(A)

a

(B)

b

(C)

c

(D)

d (MTA - Mark to All / Cancelled or specific key)

Explanation

Engineering Mathematics

9 Questions

GATE→2022→Engineering Mathematics→Differential Equations

Q11

MCQ[1 Mark]

What is the order of the differential equation given below? $$\frac{d^{2}y}{dx^{2}}-6x=3x^{4}-2x^{3}+2$$

(A)

1

(B)

2

(C)

3

(D)

4

Explanation

GATE→2022→Engineering Mathematics→Linear Algebra

Q12

MCQ[1 Mark]

If the eigenvalues of a $2\times2$ matrix P are 4 and 2, then the eigenvalues of the matrix $P^{-1}$

(A)

0, 0

(B)

0.0625, 0.25

(C)

0.25, 0.5

(D)

2, 4

Explanation

GATE→2022→Engineering Mathematics→Numerical Methods

Q13

NAT[1 Mark]

Consider a nonlinear algebraic equation, $x~\ln x+x-1=0$. Using the Newton-Raphson method, with the initial guess of $x_{0}=3$, the value of x after one iteration (rounded off to one decimal place) is

Explanation

GATE→2022→Engineering Mathematics→Probability and Statistics

Q14

NAT[1 Mark]

The probability density function of a random variable X is $p(x)=2e^{-2x}$. The probability $P(1\le X\le2)$ (rounded off to two decimal places) is

Explanation

GATE→2022→Engineering Mathematics→Calculus

Q15

NAT[1 Mark]

The maximum value of the function $f(x)=3x^{2}-2x^{3}$ for $x>0$ is

Explanation

GATE→2022→Engineering Mathematics→Linear Algebra

Q16

MCQ[2 Marks]

A $2\times2$ matrix P has an eigenvalue $\lambda_{1}=2$ with eigenvector $x_{1}=\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}$ and another eigenvalue $\lambda_{2}=5$, with eigenvector $x_{2}=\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$. The matrix P is

(A)

$\begin{pmatrix} 2 & 0 \\ 0 & 5 \end{pmatrix}$

(B)

$\begin{pmatrix} 2 & 3 \\ 0 & 5 \end{pmatrix}$

(C)

$\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}$

(D)

$\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{pmatrix}$

Explanation

GATE→2022→Engineering Mathematics→Differential Equations

Q17

MSQ[2 Marks]

Consider the ordinary differential equation $$\frac{dy}{dx}=f(x,y)=2x^{2}-y^{2}.$$ If $y(1)=1$, the value(s) of $y(1.5)$, using the Euler's implicit method $[y_{n+1}=y_{n}+hf(x_{n+1},y_{n+1})]$ with a step size of $h=0.5$, is (are)

(A)

$-1-5\sqrt{0.3}$

(B)

$-1+5\sqrt{0.3}$

(C)

$1+5\sqrt{0.3}$

(D)

$1-5\sqrt{0.3}$

Explanation

GATE→2022→Engineering Mathematics→Probability and Statistics

Q18

NAT[2 Marks]

Consider a random variable X with mean $\mu_{x}=0.1$ and variance $\sigma_{X}^{2}=0.2$. A new random variable $Y=2X+1$ is defined. The variance of the random variable Y (rounded off to one decimal place) is

Explanation

GATE→2022→Engineering Mathematics→Calculus

Q19

NAT[2 Marks]

For $x_{1}>0$ and $x_{2}>0$, the value of $\lim_{x_{1}\rightarrow x_{2}}\frac{x_{1}-x_{2}}{x_{2}\ln(\frac{x_{1}}{x_{2}})}$ is

Explanation

General Biology

10 Questions

GATE→2022→General Biology→Biochemistry

Q20

MCQ[1 Mark]

The binding free energy of a ligand to its receptor protein is $-11.5~\text{kJ mol}^{-1}$ at 300 K. What is the value of the equilibrium binding constant? Use $R=8.314~\text{J mol}^{-1}\text{K}^{-1}$

(A)

0.01

(B)

1.0

(C)

4.6

(D)

100.5

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Biology→Microbiology

Q21

MCQ[1 Mark]

In binomial nomenclature, the name of a bacterial strain is written with the first letter of ____ word(s) being capitalized.

(A)

first

(B)

second

(C)

neither

(D)

first and second

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Biology→Microbiology

Q22

MCQ[1 Mark]

The type of nucleic acid present in $\lambda$-phage is

(A)

Double stranded DNA

(B)

Single stranded circular DNA

(C)

Single stranded DNA

(D)

Single stranded RNA

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Biology→Biochemistry

Q23

MCQ[1 Mark]

Which of the following statements about reversible enzyme inhibitors are CORRECT? P. Uncompetitive inhibitors bind only to the enzyme-substrate complex Q. Non-competitive inhibitors bind only at a different site from the substrate R. Competitive inhibitors bind to the same site as the substrate

(A)

P and Q only

(B)

P and R only

(C)

Q and R only

(D)

P, Q and R

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Biology→Biochemistry

Q24

MCQ[1 Mark]

Terpenoids are made of ____ units.

(A)

amino acid

(B)

carbohydrate

(C)

isoprene

(D)

triacylglycerol

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Biology→Immunology

Q25

MCQ[2 Marks]

Match the cell type (Column I) with its function (Column II). **Column I** P. B cells Q. Neutrophils R. T cells S. Mast cells **Column II** 1. Humoral immunity 2. Cytotoxicity 3. Histamine-associated allergy 4. Phagocytosis

(A)

P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4

(B)

P-1, Q-4, R-2, S-3

(C)

P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2

(D)

P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Biology→Biochemistry

Q26

MCQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following are CORRECT about protein structure? P. Secondary structure is formed by a repeating pattern of interactions among the polypeptide backbone atoms Q. Tertiary structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of the polypeptide backbone atoms only R. Quaternary structure refers to an assembly of multiple polypeptide subunits

(A)

P and Q only

(B)

P and R only

(C)

Q and R only

(D)

P, Q and R

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Biology→Biochemistry

Q27

MSQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following is(are) COMMON feature(s) for both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures?

(A)

Glycolysis

(B)

NAD+ is the oxidising agent

(C)

Oxidative phosphorylation

(D)

Two net ATP molecules formed per glucose molecule

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Biology→Biochemistry

Q28

MSQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following plot(s) is (are) CORRECT for an enzyme that obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics, assuming $[S]\ll K_{m}$? [S] is the concentration of the substrate, $K_{m}$ is the Michaelis constant, and $v_{0}$ is the initial reaction velocity.

(A)

Option A (Linear v0 vs [S] plot)

(B)

Option B

(C)

Option C

(D)

Option D (Linear v0 vs [S] plot or equivalent)

Explanation

GATE→2022→General Biology→Microbiology

Q29

MSQ[2 Marks]

Emerging viruses such as SARS-CoV2 cause epidemics. Which of the following process(es) contribute to the rise of such viruses?

(A)

Mutation of existing virus

(B)

Jumping of existing virus from current to new hosts

(C)

Spread of virus in the new host population

(D)

Replication of virus outside a host

Explanation

Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

8 Questions

GATE→2022→Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology→Cell Biology

Q30

MCQ[1 Mark]

Match the component of eukaryotic cells (Column I) with its respective function (Column II). **Column I** P. Lysosome Q. Peroxisome R. Glyoxysome S. Cytoskeleton **Column II** 1. Digestion of macromolecules 2. Detoxification of harmful compounds 3. Conversion of fatty acids to sugar 4. Involvement in cell motility

(A)

P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4

(B)

P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4

(C)

P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4

(D)

P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2

Explanation

GATE→2022→Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology→Molecular Biology

Q31

MCQ[1 Mark]

In animal cells, the endogenously produced miRNAs silence gene expression by

(A)

base pairing with the 3'-untranslated region of specific mRNAs

(B)

blocking mRNA synthesis

(C)

binding to the operator site

(D)

base pairing with the 3' region of specific rRNAs

Explanation

GATE→2022→Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology→Genetics and Evolutionary Biology

Q32

NAT[1 Mark]

Assuming independent assortment and no recombination, the number of different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in gametes of an organism with a diploid number of 12 is

Explanation

GATE→2022→Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology→Genetics and Evolutionary Biology

Q33

MCQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following conditions will contribute to the stability of a gene pool in a natural population? P. Large population Q. No net mutation R. Non-random mating S. No selection

(A)

P only

(B)

P and Q only

(C)

P and R only

(D)

P, Q and S only

Explanation

GATE→2022→Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology→Cell Biology

Q34

MCQ[2 Marks]

The enzymes involved in ubiquitinylation of cell-cycle proteins are

(A)

$E_{1}$ and $E_{2}$ only

(B)

$E_{1}$ and $E_{3}$ only

(C)

$E_{1}$ and $E_{4}$ only

(D)

$E_{1}$, $E_{2}$ and $E_{3}$

Explanation

GATE→2022→Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology→Molecular Biology

Q35

MCQ[2 Marks]

Adenine can undergo a spontaneous change to hypoxanthine in a cell, leading to a DNA base pair mismatch. The CORRECT combination of enzymes that are involved in repairing this damage is

(A)

Nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase

(B)

Nuclease, DNA ligase, helicase

(C)

Primase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase

(D)

Primase, helicase, DNA polymerase

Explanation

GATE→2022→Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology→Molecular Biology

Q36

MSQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following statement(s) is (are) CORRECT regarding the lac operon in E. coli when grown in the presence of glucose and lactose?

(A)

At low glucose level, the operon is activated

(B)

At high glucose level, the operon is activated to enable the utilization of lactose

(C)

The lac repressor binds to operator region inactivating the operon

(D)

Binding of lactose to the lac repressor induces the operon

Explanation

GATE→2022→Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology→Cell Biology

Q37

MSQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following statement(s) regarding trafficking in eukaryotic cells is(are) CORRECT?

(A)

Dynamin binds GTP and is involved in vesicle budding

(B)

Dynamin is involved in cytoskeletal remodelling

(C)

Dynein binds ATP and is involved in movement of organelles along microtubules

(D)

Dynein binds GTP and is involved in movement of organelles along microtubules

Explanation

Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

19 Questions

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Upstream and Downstream Processing

Q38

MCQ[1 Mark]

For a double-pipe heat exchanger, the inside and outside heat transfer coefficients are 100 and 200 W $m^{-2}K^{-1}$, respectively. The thickness and thermal conductivity of the thin-walled inner pipe are 1 cm and 10 $W~m^{-1}K^{-1}$, respectively. The value of the overall heat transfer coefficient is $W~m^{-2}K^{-1}$

(A)

0.016

(B)

42.5

(C)

62.5

(D)

310

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Upstream and Downstream Processing

Q39

MCQ[1 Mark]

Match the media component (Column I) with its role (Column II). **Column I** P. Sucrose Q. Zinc chloride R. Ammonium sulphate S. Silicone oil **Column II** 1. Anti-foam agent 2. Nitrogen source 3. Carbon source 4. Trace element

(A)

P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4

(B)

P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4

(C)

P-3, Q-2, R-4, S-1

(D)

P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q40

MCQ[1 Mark]

The overall stoichiometry for an aerobic cell growth is $$3C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}+2.5NH_{3}+O_{2}\rightarrow1.5C_{a}H_{b}O_{c}N_{d}+3CO_{2}+5H_{2}O$$ What is the elemental composition formula of the biomass?

(A)

$C_{9}H_{18.2}O_{5}N_{1.667}$

(B)

$C_{9}H_{22.33}O_{6}N_{1.667}$

(C)

$C_{10}H_{18.2}O_{5}N_{1.667}$

(D)

$C_{10}H_{22.33}O_{6}N_{1.667}$

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q41

NAT[1 Mark]

A microorganism is grown in a batch culture using glucose as a carbon source. The apparent growth yield is $0.5\frac{\text{g biomass}}{\text{g substrate}}$. The initial concentrations of biomass and substrate are $2\text{ g L}^{-1}$ and $200\text{ g L}^{-1}$, respectively. Assuming that there is no endogenous metabolism, the maximum biomass concentration that can be achieved is $\text{g L}^{-1}$

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q42

NAT[1 Mark]

The degree of reduction of lactic acid $(C_{3}H_{6}O_{3})$ is

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q43

NAT[1 Mark]

The specific growth rate of a yeast having a doubling time of 0.693 h (rounded off to nearest integer) is $\text{h}^{-1}$

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q44

NAT[1 Mark]

A fermentation broth of density $1000~\text{kg m}^{-3}$ and viscosity $10^{-3}~\text{kg m}^{-1}\text{s}^{-1}$ is mixed in a 100 L fermenter using a 0.1 m diameter impeller, rotating at a speed of $2~\text{s}^{-1}$. The impeller Reynolds number is

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Upstream and Downstream Processing

Q45

NAT[1 Mark]

For a pure species, the slope of the melting line $\frac{dP}{dT}$ at $-2^{\circ}\text{C}$ is $-5.0665\times 10^{6}~\text{Pa K}^{-1}$. The difference between the molar volumes of the liquid and solid phase at $-2^{\circ}\text{C}$ is $-4.5\times 10^{-6}~\text{m}^{3}\text{mol}^{-1}$. The value of the latent heat of fusion (rounded off to nearest integer) is $J~mol^{-1}$

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Upstream and Downstream Processing

Q46

MCQ[2 Marks]

Match the stationary phase (Column I) with its corresponding chromatography technique (Column II). **Column I** P. Protein A Q. Sephadex R. Phenylsepharose S. Diethylaminoethyl cellulose **Column II** 1. Size exclusion chromatography 2. Ion-exchange chromatography 3. Affinity chromatography 4. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography

(A)

P-1, Q-4, R-2, S-3

(B)

P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2

(C)

P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1

(D)

P-4, Q-1, R-3, S-2

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Upstream and Downstream Processing

Q47

MCQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following statements are CORRECT for a controller? P. In a proportional controller, a control action is proportional to the error Q. In an integral controller, a control action is proportional to the derivative of the error R. There is no "offset" in the response of the closed-loop first-order process with a proportional controller S. There is no "offset" in the response of the closed-loop first-order process with a proportional-integral controller

(A)

P and Q only

(B)

P and R only

(C)

P and S only

(D)

Q and S only

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q48

MSQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following statements are CORRECT for an enzyme entrapped in a spherical particle?

(A)

Effectiveness factor is ratio of the reaction rate with diffusion-limitation to the reaction rate without diffusion-limitation

(B)

Internal diffusion is rate-limiting at low values of Thiele modulus

(C)

Effectiveness factor increases with decrease in Thiele modulus

(D)

Internal diffusion-limitation can be reduced by decreasing the size of the particle

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q49

NAT[2 Marks]

Figure below depicts simplified metabolic and transport reactions taking place in the production of B from A in a cell... Under pseudo-steady-state condition, the following reaction fluxes are available: $r_{3}=1$ and $r_{6}=1$. The transport flux of B, $r_{4}$, is

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q50

NAT[2 Marks]

The amount of biomass in a reactor at the end of the batch process is 50 g. Fed-batch operation is initiated by feeding the substrate solution at a constant rate of $1~\text{L h}^{-1}$. The concentration of substrate in the feed is $50~\text{g L}^{-1}$. The maximum biomass yield $(Y_{XS}^{M})$ is $0.4~\frac{\text{g substrate}}{\text{g biomass}}$? Wait, unit in text: 0.4 g substrate / g biomass or g biomass / g substrate. Assuming standard yield definition: $\Delta X = Y_{X/S} \times S_{fed} \times F \times \Delta t$. $50 + 0.4 \times 50 \times 1 \times 5 = 150 \text{ g}$.

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q51

NAT[2 Marks]

An enzyme catalyzes the conversion of substrate A into product B. The rate equation for this reaction is $$-r_{A}=\frac{C_{A}}{5+C_{A}}~\text{mol L}^{-1}\text{min}^{-1}$$ Substrate A at an initial concentration of $10~\text{mol L}^{-1}$ enters an ideal mixed flow reactor (MFR) at a flow rate of $10~\text{L min}^{-1}$. The volume of the MFR required for 50% conversion of substrate to product is L.

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q52

NAT[2 Marks]

Liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient $(k_{L})$ is measured in a stirred tank vessel using steady-state method by sparging air. Oxygen uptake by the microorganism is measured. The bulk concentration of $O_{2}$ is $10^{-4}~\text{mol L}^{-1}$. Solubility of $O_{2}$ in water at $25^{\circ}\text{C}$ is $10^{-3}~\text{mol L}^{-1}$. If the oxygen consumption rate is $9\times10^{-4}~\text{mol L}^{-1}\text{s}^{-1}$ and interfacial area is $100~\text{m}^{2}/\text{m}^{3}$, the value of $k_{L}$ is $\text{cm s}^{-1}$.

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Upstream and Downstream Processing

Q53

NAT[2 Marks]

Consider a piston-cylinder assembly... The cylinder contains 1 mole of an ideal gas at 300 K and the piston is held initially at the position $z_{1}$ using a stopper. After the stopper is removed, the piston suddenly rises against atmospheric pressure $(1.013\times 10^{5}~\text{Pa})$ to the new position $z_{2}$ where it is held by another stopper. The heat capacity $(C_{v})$ of the gas is $12.5~\text{J mol}^{-1}\text{K}^{-1}$. The cross-sectional area of the cylinder is $10^{-3}~\text{m}^{2}$. If $z_{2}-z_{1}=1$ m, the final temperature of the gas (rounded off to nearest integer) is K.

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q54

NAT[2 Marks]

Consider the growth of S. cerevisiae under aerobic condition in a bioreactor and the specific growth rate of yeast is $0.5~\text{h}^{-1}$. The overall reaction of the process is $$2C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}+0.2NH_{3}+10.35O_{2}\rightarrow CH_{1.8}O_{0.5}N_{0.2}+0.2C_{2}H_{6}O+10.6CO_{2}+10.8H_{2}O$$ The heat of combustion values for different compounds are tabulated. The specific rate of heat production (rounded off to nearest integer) is $\text{kJ mol}^{-1}\text{h}^{-1}$ (per mole of substrate or biomass basis as per standard stoichiometric enthalpy balance).

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Upstream and Downstream Processing

Q55

NAT[2 Marks]

A pilot sterilization was carried out in a vessel containing $100~\text{m}^{3}$ medium with an initial spore concentration of $10^{8}$ spores/ml. The accepted level of contamination after sterilization is 1 spore in the entire vessel. The specific death rate constant for the spore is $2~\text{min}^{-1}$ at $121^{\circ}\text{C}$. Assuming no death takes place during the heating and cooling cycles, the holding time at $121^{\circ}\text{C}$ (rounded off to nearest integer) is min.

Explanation

GATE→2022→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q56

NAT[2 Marks]

A bacterial strain is grown in nutrient medium at $37^{\circ}\text{C}$ under aerobic conditions. The medium is inoculated with $10^{2}$ cells from a seed culture. If the number of cells in the culture is $10^{5}$ after 10 hours of growth, the doubling time of the strain (rounded off to nearest integer) is h.

Explanation

Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

3 Questions

GATE→2022→Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology→Microbial Biotechnology

Q57

MCQ[1 Mark]

Match the microbial product (Column I) with its respective application (Column II). **Column I** P. Methane Q. Glycolipids R. Polyhydroxy alkanoate **Column II** 1. Biosurfactant 2. Bioplastic 3. Biofuel

(A)

P-1, Q-2, R-3

(B)

P-2, Q-1, R-3

(C)

P-3, Q-2, R-1

(D)

P-3, Q-1, R-2

Explanation

GATE→2022→Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology→Animal Biotechnology

Q58

MCQ[2 Marks]

Match the media component used in mammalian cell culture (Column I) with its respective role (Column II). **Column I** P. Hydrocortisone Q. Fibronectin R. Epidermal growth factor S. Riboflavin **Column II** 1. Mitogen 2. Vitamin 3. Hormone 4. Cell attachment

(A)

P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2

(B)

P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1

(C)

P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2

(D)

P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1

Explanation

GATE→2022→Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology→Plant Biotechnology

Q59

MSQ[2 Marks]

Introduction of foreign genes into plant cells can be carried out using

(A)

Agrobacterium

(B)

$CaCl_{2}$ mediated plasmid uptake

(C)

Electroporation

(D)

Gene gun

Explanation

Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

6 Questions

GATE→2022→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Computational Tools

Q60

MCQ[1 Mark]

Which of the following is NOT used for generating an optimal alignment of two nucleotide sequences?

(A)

Gap penalties

(B)

Match scores

(C)

Mismatch scores

(D)

Nucleotide composition

Explanation

GATE→2022→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Recombinant DNA Technology

Q61

MCQ[1 Mark]

The recognition sequences of four Type-II restriction enzymes (RE) are given below. The symbol (^) indicates the cleavage site. Identify the RE that generates sticky ends.

(A)

$5' \text{GGATCC } 3'$ (BamHI type)

(B)

$5' \text{CTGCAG } 3'$

(C)

$5' \text{CC}^{\wedge}\text{GGG } 3'$

(D)

$5' \text{AG}^{\wedge}\text{CT } 3'$

Explanation

GATE→2022→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Molecular Tools

Q62

MCQ[1 Mark]

Among individuals in a human population, minor variations exist in nucleotide sequences of chromosomes. These variations can lead to gain or loss of sites for specific restriction enzymes. Which of the following technique is used to identify such variations?

(A)

Polymerase dependent fragment insertion

(B)

Real-time polymerase chain reaction

(C)

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

(D)

Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

Explanation

GATE→2022→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Computational Tools

Q63

MCQ[2 Marks]

The maximum parsimony method is used to construct a phylogenetic tree for a set of sequences. Which one of the following statements about the method is CORRECT?

(A)

It predicts the tree that minimizes the steps required to generate the observed variations

(B)

It predicts the tree that maximizes the steps required to generate the observed variations

(C)

It predicts the tree with the least number of branch points

(D)

It employs probability calculations to identify the tree

Explanation

GATE→2022→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Analytical Tools

Q64

MCQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following spectroscopic technique(s) can be used to identify all the functional groups of an antibiotic contaminant in food? P. Infrared Q. Circular dichroism R. Nuclear magnetic resonance S. UV-Visible

(A)

P only

(B)

P and R only

(C)

P, Q and R only

(D)

P, Q, R and S

Explanation

GATE→2022→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Recombinant DNA Technology

Q65

NAT[2 Marks]

A circular plasmid has three different but unique restriction sites for enzymes 'a', 'b' and 'c.' When enzymes 'a' and 'b' are used together, two fragments of equal size are generated. Enzyme 'c' creates fragments of equal size only from one of the fragments generated by those cleaved by 'a' and 'b'. The plasmid is treated with a mixture of 'a', 'b' and 'c' and analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The number of bands observed in the gel is

Explanation