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General Aptitude(10)Engineering Mathematics(9)General Biology(15)Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology(9)Fundamentals of Biological Engineering(14)Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology(3)Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology(5)

General Aptitude

10 Questions

GATE→2025→General Aptitude→Verbal Ability

Q1

MCQ[1 Mark]

Is there any good show ____ television tonight? Select the most appropriate option to complete the above sentence.

(A)

in

(B)

at

(C)

within

(D)

on

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Aptitude→Verbal Ability

Q2

MCQ[1 Mark]

As the police officer was found guilty of embezzlement, he was dismissed ____ from the service in accordance with the Service Rules. Select the most appropriate option to complete the above sentence.

(A)

sumptuously

(B)

brazenly

(C)

unintentionally

(D)

summarily

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Aptitude→Quantitative Aptitude

Q3

MCQ[1 Mark]

The sum of the following infinite series is: $$\frac{1}{1!}+\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{3!}+\frac{1}{4!}+\frac{1}{5!}+\cdot\cdot\cdot$$

(A)

$1+e$

(B)

$e-1$

(C)

$e$

(D)

e

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Aptitude→Quantitative Aptitude

Q4

MCQ[1 Mark]

A thin wire is used to construct all the edges of a cube of 1 m side by bending, cutting and soldering the wire. If the wire is 12 m long, what is the minimum number of cuts required to construct the wire frame to form the cube?

(A)

3

(B)

4

(C)

8

(D)

12

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Aptitude→Quantitative Aptitude

Q5

MCQ[1 Mark]

The figures I, II and III are parts of a sequence. Which one of the following options comes next in the sequence at IV?

(A)

a

(B)

b

(C)

c

(D)

d

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Aptitude→Verbal Ability

Q6

MCQ[2 Marks]

"Why do they pull down and do away with crooked streets, I wonder, which are my delight, and hurt no man living? Every day the wealthier nations are pulling down one or another in their capitals and their great towns..." Based only on the information provided in the above passage, which one of the following statements is true?

(A)

The author of the passage takes delight in wondering.

(B)

The wealthier nations are pulling down the crooked streets in their capitals.

(C)

In the past, crooked streets were only built on islands.

(D)

Great broad ways are needed to protect commerce and history.

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Aptitude→Quantitative Aptitude

Q7

MCQ[2 Marks]

Rohit goes to a restaurant for lunch at about 1 PM. When he enters the restaurant, he notices that the hour and minute hands on the wall clock are exactly coinciding. After about an hour, when he leaves the restaurant, he notices that the clock hands are again exactly coinciding. How much time (in minutes) did Rohit spend at the restaurant?

(A)

$64\frac{6}{11}$

(B)

$66\frac{5}{13}$

(C)

$65\frac{5}{11}$

(D)

$66\frac{6}{13}$

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Aptitude→Quantitative Aptitude

Q8

MCQ[2 Marks]

A color model is shown in the figure with color codes: Yellow (Y), Magenta (M), Cyan (Cy), Red (R), Blue (Bl), Green (G), and Black (K). Which one of the following options displays the color codes that are consistent with the color model?

(A)

a

(B)

b

(C)

c

(D)

d

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Aptitude→Quantitative Aptitude

Q9

MCQ[2 Marks]

A circle with center at $(x,y)=(0.5,0)$ and radius $=0.5$ intersects with another circle with center at $(x,y)=(1,1)$ and radius $=1$ at two points. One of the points of intersection (x, y) is:

(A)

(0,0)

(B)

(0.2, 0.4)

(C)

(0.5, 0.5)

(D)

(1,2)

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Aptitude→Quantitative Aptitude

Q10

MCQ[2 Marks]

An object is said to have an n-fold rotational symmetry if the object, rotated by an angle of $\frac{2\pi}{n}$, is identical to the original. Which one of the following objects exhibits 4-fold rotational symmetry about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the screen?

(A)

a

(B)

b

(C)

c

(D)

d

Explanation

Engineering Mathematics

9 Questions

GATE→2025→Engineering Mathematics→Differential Equations

Q11

MCQ[1 Mark]

Let $y(t)$ be a bacterial population whose growth is given by $$\frac{dy}{dt}=\lambda(y+2)$$ where $\lambda$ is the growth rate constant. If $y(0)=1$ and $y(1)=4$, then the value of $\lambda$ is

(A)

\ln 2

(B)

\ln 3

(C)

\ln 4

(D)

\ln 6

Explanation

GATE→2025→Engineering Mathematics→Calculus

Q12

MCQ[1 Mark]

The minimum value of the function $$f(x)=x+\frac{4}{x}$$ for $x>0$ is

(A)

1

(B)

2

(C)

3

(D)

4

Explanation

GATE→2025→Engineering Mathematics→Numerical Methods

Q13

NAT[1 Mark]

Consider a nonlinear algebraic equation, $e^{x}-2=0$. Using the Newton-Raphson method, with the initial guess of $x_{0}=1$ the approximated value of the root of the equation after one iteration is (Round off to two decimal places)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Engineering Mathematics→Linear Algebra

Q14

NAT[1 Mark]

The value of k, for which the linear equations $2x+3y=6$ and $4x+6y=3k$ have at least one solution, is (Answer in integer)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Engineering Mathematics→Probability and Statistics

Q15

NAT[1 Mark]

Two fair six-sided dice, with sides numbered 1 to 6, are thrown once. The probability of getting 7 as the sum of the numbers on the top side of the dice is (Round off to two decimal places)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Engineering Mathematics→Differential Equations

Q16

MCQ[2 Marks]

Let m and n be fixed real numbers. If the function $y(t)=C_{1}e^{t}+C_{2}e^{-t}$ is a solution of $$\frac{d^{2}y}{dt^{2}}+m\frac{dy}{dt}+ny=0$$ for any constants $C_{1}$ and $C_{2}$, then $m+n$ is equal to

(A)

-2

(B)

-1

(C)

0

(D)

1

Explanation

GATE→2025→Engineering Mathematics→Calculus

Q17

MCQ[2 Marks]

If the function $$f(x)=\begin{cases} \sin 2x, & \text{for } x>0 \\ a+bx, & \text{for } x\le0 \end{cases}$$ where a and b are constants, is differentiable at $x=0$, then $a+b$ is equal to

(A)

1

(B)

2

(C)

3

(D)

4

Explanation

GATE→2025→Engineering Mathematics→Numerical Methods

Q18

NAT[2 Marks]

Let $a_{0}=0$ and define $a_{n}=\frac{1}{2}(1+a_{n-1})$ for all positive integers $n\ge1$. The least value of n for which $|1-a_{n}|<\frac{1}{2^{10}}$ is (Answer in integer)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Engineering Mathematics→Linear Algebra

Q19

NAT[2 Marks]

Let $$A=\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & k & 0 \\ 3 & 0 & -1 \end{pmatrix}.$$ If the eigenvalues of A are -2, 1, and 2, then the value of k is (Answer in integer)

Explanation

General Biology

15 Questions

GATE→2025→General Biology→Microbiology

Q20

MCQ[1 Mark]

Koch's postulate was established by Robert Koch while working on a disease caused by

(A)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

(B)

Bacillus anthracis

(C)

Streptococcus pneumoniae

(D)

Bacillus subtilis

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Biology→Microbiology

Q21

MCQ[1 Mark]

Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes diphtheria in humans, only when this bacterium is infected by

(A)

phage $\beta$

(B)

epsilon phage

(C)

lambda phage

(D)

T4 phage

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Biology→Immunology

Q22

MCQ[1 Mark]

The diversity in T-cell receptors is generated by

(A)

gene rearrangements

(B)

somatic hypermutation of rearranged V region

(C)

gene conversion

(D)

class switching

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Biology→Biochemistry

Q23

MCQ[1 Mark]

Which one of the following coenzymes is utilised by alanine racemase for the conversion of L-Alanine to D-Alanine?

(A)

Pyridoxal phosphate

(B)

Thiamine pyrophosphate

(C)

Tetrahydrofolate

(D)

Flavin mononucleotide

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Biology→Biochemistry

Q24

MCQ[1 Mark]

Correctly match the following Monosaccharides with their respective Epimers. **Monosaccharide** P. D-mannose Q. D-allose R. D-galactose S. D-talose **Epimer** 1. C-3 epimer of D-glucose 2. C-4 epimer of D-glucose 3. C-4 epimer of D-mannose 4. C-2 epimer of D-glucose 5. C-5 epimer of D-glucose

(A)

P-4; Q-1; R-2; S-3

(B)

P-5; Q-1; R-2; S-3

(C)

P-4; Q-3; R-5; S-1

(D)

P-1; Q-5; R-3; S-2

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Biology→Microbiology

Q25

MSQ[1 Mark]

Which of the following features is/are used to distinguish Archaea from Bacteria?

(A)

Gram-staining

(B)

Peptidoglycan in the cell wall

(C)

Presence of N-acetylglucosamine

(D)

16S rRNA sequences

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Biology→Biochemistry

Q26

NAT[1 Mark]

Within the Michaelis-Menten framework, the ratio of $v_{0}/V_{max}$ when $[S]=20\times K_{m}$ is (Round off to two decimal places)

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Biology→Microbiology

Q27

MCQ[2 Marks]

Correctly match the Microorganisms with their respective Nutrition and energy requirement. **Microorganisms** P. Photolithoautotrophs Q. Chemoorganoheterotrophs R. Chemolithoautotrophs S. Photoorganoheterotrophs **Nutrition and energy requirement** 1. Use organic compounds as a source of energy, hydrogen, electron and carbon 2. Use light energy and use $CO_{2}$ as their carbon source 3. Use light energy and use organic compounds as electron donor and carbon source 4. Oxidise reduced-inorganic molecules as energy and electron source but derive carbon from organic sources

(A)

P-2; Q-1; R-4; S-3

(B)

P-2; Q-1; R-3; S-4

(C)

P-1; Q-2; R-4; S-3

(D)

P-4; Q-1; R-2; S-3

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Biology→Biochemistry

Q28

MCQ[2 Marks]

Correctly match the Inhibitor with its respective Function in mitochondrial respiration. **Inhibitor** P. FCCP Q. Cyanide R. Oligomycin A S. Butyl malonate **Function** 1. Inhibits cytochrome c oxidase 2. Makes the membrane permeable to protons 3. Blocks mitochondrial uptake of succinate 4. Inhibits ATP synthase

(A)

P-2; Q-1; R-4; S-3

(B)

P-2; Q-3; R-1; S-4

(C)

P-2; Q-4; R-3; S-1

(D)

P-3; Q-1; R-2; S-4

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Biology→Biochemistry

Q29

MCQ[2 Marks]

An octapeptide composed of these L-amino acids - Lys, Thr, Ser, Met, Arg, Trp, Tyr, Glu - was subjected to analyses with the following outcomes: P. The N-terminal sequencing analysis by Sanger's method yielded 'Ser' at the N-terminus. Q. Chymotrypsin treatment gave a pentapeptide, a 'Tyr' containing dipeptide and a free 'Glu'. R. Cyanogen bromide treatment gave two tetrapeptides. S. Trypsin treatment gave two tripeptides and a dipeptide. Which one of the following is the correct octapeptide sequence?

(A)

Ser-Tyr-Arg-Met-Lys-Thr-Trp-Glu

(B)

Ser-Arg-Lys-Met-Tyr-Thr-Trp-Glu

(C)

Ser-Met-Lys-Arg-Thr-Tyr-Trp-Glu

(D)

Ser-Arg-Met-Lys-Trp-Thr-Tyr-Glu

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Biology→Immunology

Q30

MCQ[2 Marks]

Correctly match the type of Hypersensitivity reaction with its respective Example. **Hypersensitivity reaction** P. Type I Q. Type II R. Type III S. Type IV **Example** 1. Tuberculin reaction 2. Arthus reaction 3. Chronic urticaria 4. Systemic anaphylaxis

(A)

P-3; Q-4; R-2; S-1

(B)

P-4; Q-3; R-1; S-2

(C)

P-4; Q-3; R-2; S-1

(D)

P-2; Q-3; R-4; S-1

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Biology→Biochemistry

Q31

MCQ[2 Marks]

Correctly match the Coenzyme with its respective involvement in a specific Reaction type. **Coenzyme** P. Thiamine pyrophosphate Q. Tetrahydrofolate R. Flavin adenine dinucleotide S. 5'-Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin **Reaction type** 1. Acyl group transfer 2. Transfer of one carbon group 3. Transfer of methyl group 4. Oxidation-reduction 5. Aldehyde transfer

(A)

P-5; Q-2; R-4; S-3

(B)

P-5; Q-1; R-2; S-3

(C)

P-1; Q-2; R-4; S-5

(D)

P-5; Q-3; R-1; S-2

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Biology→Biochemistry

Q32

MSQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true regarding the effect of the concentration of metabolic intermediates on glycolysis in erythrocytes?

(A)

Increased AMP levels stimulate glycolysis

(B)

Increased citrate inhibits glycolysis

(C)

Increased glucose 6-phosphate inhibits glycolysis

(D)

Increased fructose 1,6-bisphosphate stimulates glycolysis

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Biology→Biochemistry

Q33

MSQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following amino acids contain(s) two chiral carbons?

(A)

L-Leucine

(B)

L-Threonine

(C)

L-Isoleucine

(D)

L-Asparagine

Explanation

GATE→2025→General Biology→Biochemistry

Q34

NAT[2 Marks]

For the coupled reactions given below Glucose 6-phosphate + H2O $\rightarrow$ Glucose + Pi (Reaction 1) ATP + Glucose $\rightarrow$ ADP + Glucose 6-phosphate (Reaction 2) the standard free energy change of ATP hydrolysis at $25^{\circ}\text{C}$ is $\text{kJ/mol}$. The equilibrium constants for Reaction 1 and Reaction 2 are 360 and 800, respectively; Gas constant $R=8.314~\text{J mol}^{-1}\text{K}^{-1}$. (Round off to two decimal places)

Explanation

Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

9 Questions

GATE→2025→Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology→Molecular Biology

Q35

MCQ[1 Mark]

Which one of the following is true for piRNAs?

(A)

piRNAs silence transposable elements in germ cells

(B)

piRNA is the abbreviation of P-element interacting RNA

(C)

piRNAs modify the 2'-OH of ribose with methyl group

(D)

piRNA is a long non-coding RNA

Explanation

GATE→2025→Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology→Molecular Biology

Q36

MSQ[1 Mark]

Which of the following enzymes is/are involved in the biogenesis of miRNA?

(A)

Drosha

(B)

Cas9

(C)

XRCC4

(D)

Dicer

Explanation

GATE→2025→Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology→Genetics and Evolutionary Biology

Q37

NAT[1 Mark]

The allele associated with albinism in humans is recessive (c). The probability that an albino male (cc) and a carrier female (Cc) will have an offspring with normal skin pigmentation is (Round off to one decimal place)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology→Molecular Biology

Q38

NAT[1 Mark]

The contour length of a B-DNA molecule that encodes a bacterial protein of 33 kDa is nm. Consider the average molecular weight of an amino acid as 110 Da and helix rise per base pair for B-DNA as 0.34 nm. (Round off to the nearest integer)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology→Molecular Biology

Q39

MCQ[2 Marks]

Correctly match the Enzyme with its respective Function. **Enzyme** P. Gyrase Q. Deadenylase R. Glycosylase S. DNA ligase **Function** 1. Removes a damaged base by cleaving the bond between sugar and base 2. Provides a swivel allowing one DNA strand to rotate around the other 3. Catalyses bond formation between 3'-OH and 5'-phosphate end of nucleotides in duplex DNA 4. Is an exoribonuclease that removes the poly(A) tail

(A)

P-2; Q-4; R-1; S-3

(B)

P-1; Q-4; R-2; S-3

(C)

P-2; Q-1; R-4; S-3

(D)

P-3; Q-2; R-1; S-4

Explanation

GATE→2025→Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology→Molecular Biology

Q40

MSQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following statements about initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotes is/are true?

(A)

DNA replication is initiated at the origin of replication licensed by loading of Mcm helicase complex

(B)

Loading of Mcm helicase complex takes place in S phase

(C)

Mcm helicase complex are activated by S-Cdks

(D)

Mcm helicase complex is responsible for loading of origin recognition complex

Explanation

GATE→2025→Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology→Cell Biology

Q41

MSQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following proteins is/are involved in intraflagellar transport?

(A)

Microtubules

(B)

Myosin

(C)

Actin

(D)

Kinesin / Dynein motors (Option D)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology→Molecular Biology

Q42

MSQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following statements is/are true about telomerase?

(A)

Telomerase has 5'-3' DNA-dependent DNA polymerisation activity

(B)

Telomerase has 5'-3' RNA-dependent DNA polymerisation activity

(C)

Telomerase contains an RNA subunit

(D)

Telomerase has 3'-5' DNA-dependent DNA polymerisation activity

Explanation

GATE→2025→Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology→Genetics and Evolutionary Biology

Q43

MSQ[2 Marks]

The blood group of the mother is $A^{+}$ and that of the father is $AB^{+}$. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

(A)

Probability of the offspring with $A^{+}$ blood group is 0.5

(B)

Probability of the offspring with $AB^{+}$ blood group is 0.125

(C)

Probability of the offspring with $B^{+}$ blood group is 0.125

(D)

Probability of the offspring with $O^{+}$ blood group is 0.375

Explanation

Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

14 Questions

GATE→2025→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Upstream and Downstream Processing

Q44

MSQ[1 Mark]

Which of the following separation processes is/are based on molecular size?

(A)

Size-exclusion chromatography

(B)

Ion exchange chromatography

(C)

Membrane ultrafiltration

(D)

Ultracentrifugation

Explanation

GATE→2025→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Upstream and Downstream Processing

Q45

MSQ[1 Mark]

Which of the following fluids exhibit(s) non-Newtonian behaviour at $25^{\circ}\text{C}$?

(A)

Toothpaste

(B)

Mercury

(C)

Brine

(D)

Blood plasma

Explanation

GATE→2025→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q46

MSQ[1 Mark]

Which of the following compounds have the same degree of reduction per carbon-mole?

(A)

Glucose

(B)

Lactic acid

(C)

Acetic acid

(D)

Formic acid

Explanation

GATE→2025→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Upstream and Downstream Processing

Q47

MSQ[1 Mark]

A recombinant protein is secreted extracellularly in soluble form by an E. coli culture. Which of the following downstream processes is/are involved in the purification of the extracellular secreted protein?

(A)

Cell disruption

(B)

Membrane ultrafiltration

(C)

Solubilisation of inclusion bodies

(D)

Liquid chromatography

Explanation

GATE→2025→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q48

NAT[1 Mark]

If the doubling time of a bacterial population is 3 hours, then its average specific growth rate during this period is $\text{h}^{-1}$. (Round off to two decimal places)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Upstream and Downstream Processing

Q49

NAT[1 Mark]

For a mechanically reversible isobaric process taking place in a closed system involving 5 moles of an ideal gas, the temperature increases from an initial value of 300 K to a final value of 450 K. If the specific heat capacity at constant volume $(C_{v})$ is given as $12.5~\text{J mol}^{-1}\text{K}^{-1}$ and gas constant is $8.314~\text{J mol}^{-1}\text{K}^{-1}$, the amount of heat transferred to the system will be J. (Round off to the nearest integer)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Upstream and Downstream Processing

Q50

MCQ[2 Marks]

A thermometer measuring body temperature follows a first-order response with a time constant of 40 seconds. The instrument will reach 95% of its steady-state output at seconds. (Round off to the nearest integer)

(A)

60

(B)

80

(C)

120

(D)

160

Explanation

GATE→2025→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Upstream and Downstream Processing

Q51

MCQ[2 Marks]

The output $y(t)$ of a first-order process is governed by the following differential equation $$\tau_{p}\frac{dy}{dt}+y=K_{p}f(t)$$ where $\tau_{p}$ is a non-zero time constant, $K_{p}$ is the gain and $f(t)$ is the input with $f(0)=0$. Assume $y(0)=0$. The transfer function for this process is (consider s as the independent variable in the Laplace domain)

(A)

$\frac{K_{p}}{\tau_{p}s+1}$

(B)

$\frac{\tau_{p}}{K_{p}s+1}$

(C)

$\frac{\tau_{p}}{K_{p}(s+1)}$

(D)

$\frac{K_{p}}{\tau_{p}(s+1)}$

Explanation

GATE→2025→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q52

MCQ[2 Marks]

For a specific bioreactor configuration, the power requirement for a Rushton-turbine impeller agitating an unaerated Newtonian fluid in the turbulent regime will be

(A)

proportional to the stirring speed of the impeller

(B)

proportional to the square of the stirring speed of the impeller

(C)

proportional to the cube of the stirring speed of the impeller

(D)

inversely proportional of the stirring speed of the impeller

Explanation

GATE→2025→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q53

MSQ[2 Marks]

An enzyme immobilised in a porous spherical pellet, catalyses a strongly mass-transfer limited first-order reaction. The effectiveness factor for the immobilised enzyme reaction increases with the

(A)

decrease in the size of the pellet

(B)

increase in the pore diffusivity within the pellet

(C)

increase in the enzyme concentration within the pellet

(D)

decrease in the enzyme concentration within the pellet

Explanation

GATE→2025→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Upstream and Downstream Processing

Q54

NAT[2 Marks]

A binary mixture of benzene and toluene under vapour-liquid equilibrium at $80^{\circ}\text{C}$ follows ideal Raoult's law. At this condition, the saturation pressures of benzene and toluene are 101 kPa and 40 kPa, respectively. If the mole fraction of benzene in the liquid phase is 0.6, the corresponding mole fraction of benzene in the vapour phase will be (Round off to two decimal places)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q55

NAT[2 Marks]

In a fermentation process, each mole of glucose is converted to biomass $(CH_{1.8}O_{0.5}N_{0.2})$, with a biomass yield coefficient of $0.4\text{ C-mol/C-mol}$, according to the unbalanced equation given below. $$C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}+NH_{3}+O_{2}\rightarrow CH_{1.8}O_{0.5}N_{0.2}+CO_{2}+H_{2}O$$ The moles of oxygen consumption per mole of glucose consumed during fermentation is (Round off to two decimal places)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Upstream and Downstream Processing

Q56

NAT[2 Marks]

A hot, freshly-sterilised fermentation medium is cooled in a double-pipe heat-exchanger. The medium enters the inner pipe of the exchanger at $95^{\circ}\text{C}$ and leaves the exchanger at $40^{\circ}\text{C}$. Cooling water, flowing counter-currently to the medium, enters the annulus of the exchanger at $15^{\circ}\text{C}$ and leaves the exchanger at $45^{\circ}\text{C}$. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 1350~\text{W m}^{-2}^{\circ}\text{C}^{-1}. The rate of heat transfer per unit area will be $\text{W/m}^{2}$. (Round off to the nearest integer)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Fundamentals of Biological Engineering→Bioreaction Engineering

Q57

NAT[2 Marks]

A 2 L chemostat is being operated at a flow rate of $0.8~\text{L/h}$ and sterile feed of $10~\text{g/L}$ substrate. The bacterial growth follows Monod kinetics at a maximum specific growth rate of $0.6~\text{h}^{-1}$ with a Monod constant of $0.5~\text{g/L}$ and a biomass yield coefficient of $0.4~\text{g/g}$. The exit biomass concentration is $\text{g/L}$ (Round off to one decimal place)

Explanation

Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

3 Questions

GATE→2025→Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology→Microbial Biotechnology

Q58

MCQ[1 Mark]

Correctly match the following Product classes with their representative Products. **Product class** P. Biofuel Q. Bioplastic R. Industrial enzyme S. Antibiotic **Product** 1. Cellulase 2. Cephalosporin 3. Butanol 4. Poly-lactic acid 5. Rituximab

(A)

P-1; Q-5; R-3; S-2

(B)

P-3; Q-4; R-5; S-2

(C)

P-3; Q-2; R-1; S-5

(D)

P-3; Q-4; R-1; S-2

Explanation

GATE→2025→Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology→Animal Biotechnology

Q59

MCQ[1 Mark]

Which one of the following hosts is used in mammalian cell culture for the production of glycosylated recombinant therapeutic proteins?

(A)

Pichia pastoris

(B)

Sf9 cells

(C)

Escherichia coli

(D)

Chinese hamster ovary cells

Explanation

GATE→2025→Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology→Plant Biotechnology

Q60

MCQ[2 Marks]

Correctly match the herbicide with its mode of development of resistance in plants. **Herbicide** P. Imidazolinones Q. Bromoxynil R. Glufosinate **Mode of development of resistance** 1. Transformation of bacterial nitrilase gene 2. Transformation of resistant version of acetolactate synthetase 3. Transformation of tfdA gene from Alcaligenes, which encodes a dioxygenase 4. Transformation of bar gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicus which encodes phosphinothricin acetyltransferase

(A)

P-2; Q-1; R-4

(B)

P-2; Q-1; R-3

(C)

P-1; Q-2; R-3

(D)

P-4; Q-1; R-3

Explanation

Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

5 Questions

GATE→2025→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Analytical Tools

Q61

MSQ[1 Mark]

Which of the following show(s) optical activity at 100 mM concentration in water?

(A)

Solution of NaCl

(B)

Solution of D-Glucose

(C)

Solution of Glycine

(D)

Solution of L-Proline

Explanation

GATE→2025→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Computational Tools

Q62

MCQ[2 Marks]

Correctly match the Bioinformatic tool/Database with its respective Utility. **Bioinformatic tool/Database** P. BLAST Q. Bowtie R. AlphaFold S. PDB **Utility** 1. Database for 3D protein structures 2. Tool to identify similarity of a query sequence to existing sequences available in databanks 3. Tool to align short read DNA sequences obtained from Next-generation sequencing to a reference genome 4. AI tool to predict protein structures

(A)

P-2; Q-3; R-1; S-4

(B)

P-2; Q-3; R-4; S-1

(C)

P-3; Q-2; R-4; S-1

(D)

P-4; Q-1; R-2; S-3

Explanation

GATE→2025→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Analytical Tools

Q63

MSQ[2 Marks]

Which of the following methods is/are used for identifying histone modifications?

(A)

ChIP-seq

(B)

Mass spectrometry

(C)

Immunofluorescence

(D)

Patch-clamp electrophysiology

Explanation

GATE→2025→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Analytical Tools

Q64

NAT[2 Marks]

The percentage of light that would pass through a sample with an absorbance of 2 would be $\%$. (Round off to the nearest integer)

Explanation

GATE→2025→Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology→Analytical Tools

Q65

NAT[2 Marks]

An NMR spectrometer operating at proton resonance frequency (v) of 1 GHz will have a magnetic field strength of Tesla (T). The gyromagnetic ratio for proton, $\gamma=2.675\times 10^{8}~\text{T}^{-1}\text{s}^{-1}$ (Round off to one decimal place)

Explanation